Western Culture s Ideal Beauty Type - 963 Words

The Axe Campaign released a commercial in 2013 for their product Axe Apollo which features a male hero who saves the world and uses the product after getting the girl. While the primary aim of the commercial is to sell the product advertised, the commercial also reinforces traditional views of masculinity, sexuality and beauty. Through the depiction of the man as the womanizing, adventurer and the woman as a passive, sexual being the Axe Campaign uses conventional portrayals of gender roles in order to sell their product. In this paper, the commercial will be analyzed as it supports traditional views on beauty, sexuality and masculinity. This advertisement reinforces the western culture s ideal beauty type. The woman featured in the commercial is young, white, and thin all of which make her conventionally attractive as these are the characteristics that are most desired in Western society (Hobbs and Rice, 2013). Furthermore, youth is viewed as an indication of sexual and reproductive ability, whiteness is commonly associated with beauty and purity, and thin or athletic people are favoured over the disabled or overweight (Hobbs and Rice, 2013). By failing to include a woman that strays from any of the three characteristics listed previously, the Axe Apollo commercial does little to challenge mainstream beauty ideals. It is not surprising however, that the woman featured in the ad is not only highly sexualized but also conforms to western beauty norms as Carla RiceShow MoreRelatedWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders1645 Words   |  7 PagesWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders Historically, through an array of cultures worldwide, individuals have transformed their appearances in order to conform to the beauty ideal of relevant culture. Those that are apart of the Pa Dong Tribe, which reside among the boarder of Thailand, practice the elongating of the neck through the use of brass rings. African and Amazonian tribes consider beauty through the stretching of their lips that is achieved using large lip plates. Tribes in Africa striveRead MoreMedia Consumption Of Non Western Countries1414 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Consumption in Non-Western Countries The usage of media in Non-Western countries has been spreading as technology and social media have become the focus for most teenagers and young adults. Contrary to the assumption that Western countries are the only nations that have a population obsessed with media, statistics have shown that other developing countries are experiencing a significant increase in advanced technology usage such as using smartphones more frequently along with internet usageRead MorePsychopathology And Culture : The Epidemic Of Eating Disorders1396 Words   |  6 Pages Psychopathology and Culture: The Epidemic of Eating Disorders By: Bernadette Oldfield Dr. Van Arsdale Abnormal Psychology 6 May 2015 Throughout cultures, mental disorders vary immensely. In some cultures, certain disorders are considered taboo and not even recognized, in other cultures, the treatment of certain disorders varies, but the biggest thing that is different, is how certain disorders effect certain cultures and races less or more than others. This is somethingRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa As A Culture Bound Syndrome1440 Words   |  6 Pagesering from Anorexia-Nervosa within western countries, compared to that of 3.2% of females suffering from Anorexia-Nervosa in non western countries (DiNicola 1990:253), it is not surprising that Anorexia Nervosa has been labeled a Culture-Bound Syndrome. There have been three prominent hypotheses as to why this particular disease is considered so. The most prominent of these hypotheses is that westernized media’s ideologies of thinness and beauty have influenced young females into developing a â€Å"fat-phobiaRead MoreFoot-Binding Essay1615 Words   |  7 Page sThe practice of Foot-Binding entered into Mainstream Chinese culture around the 12th and 13th centuries (Feng 236), a time when the emerging conservative movement and the creation of a new social class system severely lowered the status of women. The restructuring of the social class system was driven by new and increased prosperity and created a new and higher standard of living that was enjoyed by the new upper class of scholars and farmers. The higher standard of living of the once lower statureRead MoreUniversal Beauty Ideals in Womens Magazines2853 Words   |  12 Pageschanged the way the world perceives beauty. White beauty has clearly sought precedence over beauty of other races, namely Asians, and is considered being a mainstream beauty standard. Mainstream bioethics in the United States originates from a white Anglo-Saxon protestant worldview, which serves silently to perpetuate white dominance (Arekapudi and Wynia, 2003). It has strongly influenced how Asians want to l ook these days, and Asian women show preferences for beauty standards outside of the Asian ingroupRead MoreImpact Of Cosmetic Surgery On Society And Daily Lives1453 Words   |  6 PagesBrazil and China leading the list as the second and third country, respectively, with the most cosmetic procedures (ISAPS, 2012). This essay will analyse and explain the reason behind this increasing trend through looking at the role that motivation, culture and reference groups play in different demographics in terms of pursuing cosmetic surgery. According to Solomon, Motivation refers to the processes that lead to people behave as they do (2011, p.154), which triggers their mind and drives themRead MoreHow Media Images Promote Body Dissatisfaction1364 Words   |  6 PagesMany people in modern culture have developed what has been termed a normative discontent with their bodies. Women are particularly vulnerable to this development of body dissatisfaction, which has been shown to create numerous negative heath issues. These health issues are a direct result from trying to achieve the unrealistic ideal image that media has created. This idea on how the body should look floods modern media and women are discriminated upon if they are unable to meet these strict physicalRead MorePop Culture Mix Modes Rough Draft1471 Words   |  6 PagesRebekah Brickeen Ms. Howard AP English 11 6 December 2016 Pop Culture Mix Modes Rough Draft During the teenage years, pop culture becomes very important and has a major influence on a teen’s daily life. Pop culture begins to have negative effect on teens when they begin to change themselves to fit into the social standards created by modern TV stars, fashion icons, and musical artists. It is fine to be interested in wealthy and famous people, because they are without a doubt, interesting and itRead MoreObjectification Of Women And Women1462 Words   |  6 Pagesnegative influence on women’s beauty ideals are revealed in the context of benevolent sexism. Swami, Coles, Wilson, Salem, Wyrozumska, and Furnham’s article examines the connections between sexism and beauty in relation to media contact. Utilizing the BIO (beauty ideals are oppressive) perspective, the study aims to build upon previous BIO findings to practical research. In the first study, they sought to further BIO research to include the connection between the beauty ideals of height prefer ence, body

The Protection Of Copyright An Indispensable Part Of The...

Position Paper As one of the three most important aspects of intellectual property, copyright is an indispensable part of the domestic and international protection. As one of the earliest countries to be aware of the importance of the protection of intellectual property, the United States paid great attention to the protection of copyright. All the treaties and legislation are aiming at reaching the balance between the creators’ interests and the competitors’ rights. 1.Domestic protection 1.1. It can first been seen in the United States Constitution, which authorized the Congress to protect authors and inventors with an exclusive right of their works and inventions in order to promote the development of science and technique. That is the basis of the United States copyright protection. 1.2. The United States Congress has taken series of action to legislate the protection of copyright during 1790s to 1990s. The Copyright Act, which come into effect in 1976, got amended twice in 1989 and 1990. This legislation together with the interpretations and implements of courts build up the system of United States copyright protection. Under section 102 of the Act, copyright protection extends to original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. This indicates that all protected works should be originalShow MoreRelatedJudicial Department of the Philippines5020 Words   |  21 Pagesduty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the Government. Meaning of Judicial Power JUDICIAL POWER is the power to apply the laws to contests or disputes concerning legally recognized rights or duties between the Sate and private persons, or betweenRead MoreCommercial Banking in Kenya4222 Words   |  17 Pagesas well as mortgages. II. A financial institution authorized to provide a variety of financial services, including consumer and business loans (generally short-term), checking services, credit cards and savings accounts. (Business Dictionaries Copyright c 2006, 2000, 1997, 1993, 1990 by Barrons Educational Series, Inc. ) THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BANKING A: GENERAL CONTEXT The invention of banking preceded that of coinage. Banking originated in Ancient Mesopotamia where the royalRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pageslearning objectives. The most important thing you will get out of this course are the basic skills required to succeed in today’s environment which are, you must be able to communicate, think creatively, plan effectively and deal with people. Copyright  © Virtual University of Pakistan 1 Human Resource Management (MGT501) INTRODUCTION TO HRM After studying this chapter, students should be able to understand the following: Describe HRM? Explain why are we concerned about HRM? Discuss Road-mapRead More Displacement and Don Juan Essay5873 Words   |  24 Pagesand quite the reverse trajectory in correspondence with Murray. The relationship between best-selling poet and savvy publisher, certainly the most lucrative of its day, degenerated into recrimination and finally broke down altogether, thanks in large part to the â€Å"friction of distance.† The distance that Don Juan’s publication had to negotiate between author and press – all the land and water as well as political borders between Italy and London – cultivated the ingredients of miscommunication. It invitedRead MoreWorld Aids Day Report8605 Words   |  35 PagesUNAIDS World AIDS Day Report | 2012 Results 1 Foreword T he sun finds a way to shine into even the deepest parts of the forest. It is a metaphor for all of us who are working to restore hope and dignity around the world. In the history of the AIDS response there have been, and still exist, many obstacles to overcome but our path is clear—we work together to get results for all people. To the millions who have come together with compassion and determination, on this World AIDSRead MoreBusiness Law7377 Words   |  30 Pagesnot known before. During the time I search for the business law, I understood some certain aspects in the law of tort, negligence, duty of care, breach duty of care and so on; and I have gathered lots of knowledge and essential elements that are indispensable in my future career. Beside, I can analysis problems easier and give some solutions to overcome them. At last, I want to express my gratitude to Mr. Badri because of his guidance. Thanks to him I can complete this assignment easily. Thank youRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesC ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectivesRead MoreKfc Marketing Strategies20155 Words   |  81 Pagesfranchisees are encouraged to conduct their own independent investigation to determine potential sales levels prior to signing any Franchise Agreement. Existing franchisees are a resource you can use for more KFC franchise information. A list of domestic franchise units, the franchisee s name and phone number are listed in the FDDs. How much money will I make? What will be my profit percentage? What are the profit margins of other franchisees? What kind of return on my investment may I expectRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesSilent Spring Rachel Carson Online Information For the online version of BookRags Silent Spring Premium Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-silentspring/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author BiographyRead MoreImportant Law Enforcement Facts19721 Words   |  79 Pages | |Police agencies are usually organized into geographic districts, with uniformed officers assigned to patrol a specific area, such | |as part of the business district or outlying residential neighborhoods. Officers may work alone, but in large agencies they often | |patrol with a partner. While on patrol, officers attempt to become thoroughly familiar with their patrol area and remain alert

Chapter 24 Discussion Questions Free Essays

Chapter 24 Discussion Questions How sanitary were houses of the British lower orders? The houses of the British lower orders were completely unsanitary and unhealthy. In various sections of Manchester, as many as 200 people shared one outhouse. These outhouses were not cleaned out often and sewage overflowed and seeped into dwellings. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 24 Discussion Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some courtyards became dung hills and sometimes excrement was gathered and sold as fertilizer. How did women’s status change during the 19th Century? Women usually did not work in the factories in 19th century Europe. It became expected of them to stay home and take care of the children. They formed bonds with their children because of the decrease in infant mortality rates and genuinely loved their husbands because people married out of love, not for economic reasons. Women had legal inferiority to their husbands and worked to change that throughout the 19th century. They campaigned for equal voting rights and access to higher education and professional employment. These groups gained important victories like the 1882 law that gave English women complete property rights. Discuss the philosophy of Auguste Comte. Auguste Comte was a French philospher who was an exceptionally influential system builder in the 19th century. He believed that intellectual activity goes through predictable stages. Comte believed that his new discipline of sociology would identify the eternal laws of human relations by applying the scientific method, or positivist method as it is also known. These stages of knowledge illustrate the popularity of the idea of evolution in the 19th century. How was transportation transformed in the 19th Century? In the 1870s horse-drawn streetcars operated in many European cities, which were invented in America. In the 1890s European cities utilized the electric streetcar, which was another American invention. Electric streetcars were cheaper and faster than horse-drawn streetcars. Millions of Europeans made use of the improved public transportation, workers, shoppers, and schoolchildren alike. In 1886 horse-drawn streetcars were transporting 900 million riders in England, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and France. In 1910 electric streetcars were transporting 6. 7 million passengers in those four countries. The improvement in public transportation helped the overpopulation of urban cities. Urban workers were able to live further away from the cities and still get to and from work using the innovations is public transportation. Art analysis: Decide on a 19th Century painting that best describes urban living. Be prepared to show the painting and explain how it reflects urban living. This painting shows urban living in the 19th century for a couple of reasons. The horse-drawn streetcars show the increase in public transportation during the 19th century. The spacious boulevards show the change in urban planning in Paris by Georges Haussmann at that time. How did the rise of industrialization affect urban life and the family? Industrialization caused overcrowding in major cities which sped up the spread of diseases and germs. Most people who lived in major cities lived in buildings that were cramped with as many as ten people in one room. Living conditions were poor and unhealthy. Sewers flowed alongside or down the middle of unpaved streets. Millions of European families lived â€Å"in shit. † How did the scientific-technological thinking influence the social sciences and the arts? Many people attempted to apply the objective methods of science to the study of society. These new social scientists had access to huge sets of numerical data that various governments had started to accumulate on all things, from prostitution to population, from crime to children. Along with Auguste Comte, another influential philosopher and scientist was Charles Darwin. Darwin presented the idea of natural selection and evolution in the 19th century. Darwin said that variations within a specific species will kill off the weaker members will die off and the stronger members will survive, based on Malthus’ theory that population will always outgrow the amount of supplies. How different are our attitudes toward gender and class issues from those of the Victorian Age? In the Victorian Age, the man had his place in the family and the women had theirs. Women were expected to stay home and manage the household, take care of the children, and manage the money. Men were expected to be the wage earners in factories and offices, not the women. Women only had jobs outside the house if they were extremely poor. And women who did have jobs like this, were paid significantly less than men who held the same job position. Nowadays, it is very common practice for women to have jobs outside the household. It is also illegal to pay employees more or less because of gender or racial reasons nowadays. Compare women and child-raising in the 16ththrough 18thCenturies with the 19thCentury? Throughout the 16th century, women were afraid to form bonds with their children because of the extremely high infant mortality rate. In the 18th century, the peasantry still did not become attached to their children until they were at least a year old. If the child survived the first year of life, his odds of surviving were much greater. Older children helped in cottage industry and the more children there were to help produce textiles and other things, the better. During the 18th century, the upper classes still neglected their children. Infants were usually handed off to wet nurses because breast-feeding was seen as a burden and by breast-feeding your children, there was a chance of becoming close to them. Finally, in the 19th century, women formed bonds with their children, no matter how young and breast-feeding was seen as a privilege, unlike before. Women were not as afraid of forming bonds with their children because infant mortality rates began to decrease. How to cite Chapter 24 Discussion Questions, Essay examples

Impact and Future Prospects of Internet Essay Example For Students

Impact and Future Prospects of Internet Essay IMPACT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF INTERNETLecturer,Department of CSE-PG,The impact of the Internet, that is, the computer and its email and World Wide Web functions, have changed teaching, research, and collegiality. The Internet expands our horizons, our imaginations, and our capacities to find, store, organize, use, teach, and publish information. E-mail provides fast, almost instantaneous, communication with libraries, archives, and colleagues all across the globe, and with administrators at ones own university or elsewhere. The use of the computer and, by extension, the Internet is as important to History as it is to Biology or Physics. What lay behind this argument was the continuous drift of technology and the funds away from the humanities and toward other departments. The World Wide Web is the other crucially important computer aid for faculty. The Web enables us to search and find most kinds of information within a few seconds. Color graphics, moving pictures, and sounds as well as texts are available through the Web. The information available is nearly unlimited in breadth. There are dozens of search engines that help us discover on the Internet material for students, research, and for everyday living. With advances in graphic content, streamlined interfaces, and new technology like VRML, Java and Shockwave, the Internets ability to provide meaningful content is changing. Almost everyone agrees that the potential of the Internet to improve personal computing is inspiring. What is hotly disputed is exactly how using a PC or browsing the Internet will change. This paper discusses some of the issues related with the impact and future of internet. The impact of the Internet, that is, the computer and its email and World Wide Web functions, have changed teaching, research, and collegiality. The Internet expands our horizons, our imaginations, and our capacities to find, store, organize, use, teach, and publish information. Email provides fast, almost instantaneous, communication with libraries, archives, and colleagues all across the globe, and with administrators at ones own university or elsewhere. We can contact colleagues, librarians, administrators on all kinds of issues. The use of the computer and, by extension, the Internet is as important to History as it is to Biology or Physics. What lay behind this argument was the continuous drift of technology and the funds away from the humanities and toward other departments. Besides one-on-one email communication, there are public email networks or lists. Recently, 8,786 such lists were counted. Thousands of members of these groups with common interests communicate among themse lves electronically. By joining some of these groups, we can correspond simultaneously with hundreds of fellow professors. These lists not only allow us to share our interests but also to gain a a wealth of information. We can get questions answered.These Email networks can also help us in the early stages of a research project by supplying specific or theoretical information; suggesting bibliographies for material we are seeking in libraries or at Internet sites. And of course once our ideas are full-blown and our research done, we can use these email lists to gather informed criticism from our colleagues. The World Wide Web is the other crucially important computer aid for faculty. The Web enables us to search and find most kinds of information within a few seconds. Color graphics, moving pictures, and sounds as well as texts are available through the Web. The information available is nearly unlimited in breadth. Indeed, it is breadth-taking how many topics are covered on the Web. One sticking point, however, is the lack of depth in the available material. If the present trends continue, more and more material increasing vertical as well has horizontal knowledge will be stored on the Web. Several Websites have been adding texts to their pages. The Internet Public Library is a virtual library containing the full text of 3,400 books onlinenot many, but its a start. Each entry is accompanied by bibliographic information, including title, author, date, and hypertext URL(s). The downsides are the limited number of books, the huge memory demands on your browser, and the antiquity of the translations and editions. There are dozens of search engines that help us discover on the Internet material for our students, for our research, and for everyday living. It takes some time to develop the skills necessary to use search engines efficiently, but our efforts are well worth the work. A lot has been made about the Internets ever quickening advances. With advances in grap hic content, streamlined interfaces, and new technology like VRML, Java and Shockwave, the Internets ability to provide meaningful content is changing. Now, Online Impact! Design introduces three new technologies that may shape the way that you and your customers may be accessing the Internet and the World Wide Web. Meet Webster a pioneer in the world of Internet Boxes. Manufactured by ViewCall America (and available now) Webster attaches to a standard television set and offers WWW access from your living room couch. The Technology Behind Viewcalls WEBsterViewCall America consist of two distinct pieces ; the WEBster set-top box (STB) and the ViewCall service. WEBster connects, with two simple plug-in leads, to the consumers television set and standard telephone jack. The ViewCall service, accessed through WEBster, is a central communications center connecting the consumer to the Internet, personal on-demand services and ViewCall content. ? Consumers reap all the benefits of the Internet and online services without the high expense and specialized learning skills required for PCs. ? The easy-to-use interface makes online access simple and enjoyable for everyone, regardless of age. ? WEBsters low price, plus a small monthly subscription fee, makes the Internet affordably accessible to nearly all consumers. ? WEBsters expandable architecture allows add-on components such as infrared keyboard, CD ROM drive, disk drive, and printer. Furthermore, the architecture is designed for emerging technologies s uch as ISDN and cable modem, as they become available to the home. GO WIRELESS WITH MAGIC LINK COMMUNICATORSony has a solution for the business traveler, too. With its MagicLink personal communicator and software from Active Paper, Sony makes it possible to surf the Web in a new way wireless. Sure, you could use your laptop, but laptops are expensive some say too expensive for many consumers. Besides, the MagicLink is proof that portable digital assistants (PDAs) can be easy to use and powerful. Symbolism in The Glass Menegerie EssayA SIPC system will be quite easy to use. It will turn on instantly, like most other consumer appliances. It will interconnect with VCRs, stereos, and TVs. And every SIPC will run thousands of Windows applications, including web browsers and software for faxing, voice messaging, conferencing, and exchanging e-mail. New-generation set-top boxes will allow television sets to retrieve content from the web, but there will be ample compromise. Usually there wont be keyboards, although remote controls can function as mice. And televisions screens dont display text well. Furthermore, nobody publishes information on the Internet for display on TV screens yet, although that will change. Overall, however, the tradeoffs for the set-top box look pretty good, especially considering that TVs hooked to the Internet could allow people from every economic sphere to enjoy the Internets benefits. Keep in mind, though, that communications charges will mount up in the long run. Game machines and consumer-electronics devices, such as some of the forthcoming Digital Video Disk (DVD) Players, will connect to the Internet, using a slender cousin of Windows as the operating system. Well see an explosion of interest in multi-player games, where the contestants meet only in cyberspace. Hardware companies will begin selling handheld personal digital assistants (PDAs) that rely on another cousin of Windows. These miniature information appliances will have LCD screens and connect wirelessly to desktop machines and networks, including two-way pager networks. Because these networks will, in turn, tie into the Internet, youll be able to use the PDAs to browse the web or exchange e-mail. Over time, PDAs will evolve into what I like to call I-Wallet PC-in-one pocket-sized devices that will serve as personal communicators, maps, guide books, repositories of digital money and credit information, identification, tickets, and so forth. Its clear that a number of information appliances are going to become common in homes as well as in our pockets, and that these devices cant all be expensive. Keeping costs down is a priority, but people wont settle for underpowered tools. The Internet era is a challenge and an opportunity for every person and for most companies. It certainly is for Microsoft. Weve had a lot of challenges in the past 20 years, but this one happens to be great fun. Recently, 35 leading American research universities and the Federal government have contributed $300 million to establish a new Internet for research, one that is much faster than the present networks and will be able to transmit large amounts of data. According to the project director,the new system will focus energy and resources on the development of a new family of advanced applications to meet emerging academic requirements in research, teaching, and learning. Abuses, misinformation, plagiarism, skulduggery, junk, pornography, and scams abound on the Internet. We need to teach our students to verify the information gained from the Internet just as we teach them to verify the information obtained from documents and print sources. We have to find ways to prevent unwanted material from entering our computers. We have to insure that our academic freedom to teach, to do research, and to communicate freely with our colleagues all across the globe is not impeded. We have to make sure t hat the international collegiality made possible by the internet does not destroy the sometimes fragile but necessary collegial relationships with members of our own departments and university. The Internet may be rather disturbing to many of us used to the traditional methods of communication and research. Everything seems too fast and, in a sense, too facile. We have to come to grips with this new technology and, as scholars alive and well in the twentieth, soon to be twenty-first, century, turn it to our advantage. Although many academics refuse to use the Internet for their work, and this of course is their prerogative We simply have to realize that the Internet is here to stay, and we can use this new medium to our own advantage. So long as the focus remains for us as well as for our administrations and for our students teaching face to face. The new technologies can be used to enhance our teaching, make it more creative, impressive, and easy, and can be used to make our resear ch more efficient and complete, but, it can never replace the face-to-face contact between professor and students, that is, the traditional university teaching environment. A place where many people, hopefully, believe in learning for learnings sake. Where teachers help lead both themselves and their students toward wisdom. As the new technologies become more important, we can still teach our students to be critical and humanistic. But we will fail them and ourselves unless we take pro-active measures to harness the Internet. We have to demonstrate to our students that we can help them order the chaos of facts now available on the Internet into understandable constructions. We can either continue to be leaders in using these new technological tools, or we will very likely end up being buried by them. Bibliography:1. â€Å"Internet Complete Reference† – Harley Hahn2. http://www.microsoft.com3. http://www.sun.com4. http://www.duenow.com